After more than a year in office, US President Barack Obama remains highly respected in most parts of the world. But bucking the trend is four of five major Muslim countries, where he enjoys the confidence of less than half the population.
Responses in the just-released 2010 survey of 22 nations, including the US, by the Pew Research Center are far more positive about Obama’s new presidency than they were for his predecessor. But the poll also shows clouds on the horizon over Obama’s policy towards the Israel-Palestine conflict and sanctions against Iran. The poll was conducted between April 7 to May 8, 2010. Obama’s status defies widespread assumptions that the overwhelming international public approval of America’s first African-American chief executive was bound to crash once the afterglow of his historic election faded. American soft power, eroding through much of the last decade, has rebounded despite the American roots of the recent economic crisis, escalation of the war in Afghanistan and failure to take steps against climate change. Nevertheless, the generally positive view of Obama and the US coexists with significant concerns about the perceived American unilateralist approach to world affairs and disagreement about some key US international policies, such as what to do about the Iranian nuclear weapons programme and Obama’s handling of the Israeli-Palestinian dispute. This dichotomy runs counter to the Bush years, when specific foreign criticism of US foreign policy ran hand in hand with anti-American and anti-Bush sentiment, suggesting that anti-Americanism displayed early in the last decade reflected antipathy towards Bush. Obama is broadly popular. Majorities or pluralities in 16 of the 22 countries Pew surveyed expressed at least some confidence in the US president to do the right thing regarding world affairs.This includes 90 per cent of Germans, 76 per cent of Japanese and 84 per cent of Nigerians. Only 14 per cent of Germans, 25 per cent of Japanese and 55 per cent of Nigerians expressed confidence in Bush during his last year in office.
But in five of six predominantly Muslim countries Pew surveyed, more than half of those polled lacked confidence in Obama, and the US remains a pariah in four Muslim countries Pew surveyed: Egypt, Jordan, Pakistan and Turkey. One in 12 Pakistanis, one in three Egyptians and one in four Turks said they supported the US president, despite Obama visits to Egypt and Turkey in 2009. Only in Indonesia, where Obama spent time as a child, was he popular.
In Egypt, for example, America’s favourability rating dropped to 17 per cent, the lowest percentage observed in Pew Global Attitudes surveys conducted in that country since 2006 – a striking decline as Obama delivered his address to the Islamic world from Cairo in 2009. Approval of Obama and the US does not prevent publics around the globe from disagreeing with US foreign policy.The continuing war in Afghanistan gets a decidedly mixed review among US NATO allies. The British and the French were evenly split on whether their troops should be kept in Afghanistan until the country is stabilised or should be withdrawn now. In Germany, 58 per cent favoured immediate withdrawal. By comparison, only 45 per cent of Americans wanted US troops in Afghanistan removed.
If Afghanistan is the current irritant in US relations with the world, Iran could be the next one. The Pew poll found widespread opposition to Iran acquiring nuclear weapons. The notable exception was Pakistan, the only nation surveyed in which a majority favoured Iran’s nuclear- weapons programme.
Global publics were also critical of how Obama has handled the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Pew survey was carried out before the recent uproar over the Israeli navy intercepting supply ships headed for Palestine. Nevertheless, of people in 22 nations, including the US, only majorities of the French, the Nigerians and the Kenyans approved of Obama’s handling of this Middle East dispute. Obama generally received good grades for how he handled the world economic crisis. And, despite ample reason to blame Wall Street, world publics do not blame the US for the Great Recession.Eighteen months into the Obama administration, America’s stature in the world has rebounded. The economic crisis, escalation of the war in Afghanistan, failure to act on climate change and tensions in the Middle East have not undermined that support to any significant extent. Obamamania and pro-Americanism may have more legs than many cynics thought possible. This wellspring of global good will is a resource that the Obama White House can draw on in support of American foreign policy.
Bruce Stokes is the international columnist for the National Journal. He wrote this for the Yale Center for the Study of Globalisation